There must be few more horrifying things than to
watch a wildfire come sweeping down a canyon straight toward you and your home. Yet it's more and more likely all over the world, thanks to global climate change.
That horror is alive and on the march in California this week,
both in the wine country of the northern part, and
in the Anaheim Hills near Los Angeles. Not so very long ago
Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Idaho were dealing with a similar disaster.
Each time the flames go up, we see these horrifying videos, and our hearts go out to the victims. But
if you live in a fire-prone area (technically, that is,
if you live anywhere, since fires can burn anywhere! But
especially in mountainous forests or drought-stricken plains),
is there anything you can do to beat back the risks, before you have to beat back actual flames?
 |
| Even if your home has a complex roof (multiple surfaces and places where debris may accumulate), keeping burnable debris cleared off can reduce your fire vulnerability. |
As it happens--although nothing is foolproof--
there are several things that home- and business-owners can do, to make their property less "burnable."
The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) has published
guidelines that lay out several strategies to help you fight the fires before they come.
Some strategies require
thinking WAY ahead--as in, when you're planning to build in the first place.
Choosing your site is one important thing: building
on hilltops or
at the top of a steep slope with combustible vegetation downslope is like putting your house at the top of the chimney.
The
University of California-Berkeley has created an online Builders Wildfire Mitigation Guide with lots of specific strategies builders can employ, to lessen the vulnerability of buildings to fire.
 |
| Flying embers can ignite an otherwise-fire-resistant building if they get inside unprotected vents. |
Building for fire-mitigation includes things such as
using less-burnable materials,
designing to avoid collection-points for burnable debris, using
vent designs that protect agains flying embers, and employing things such as
intumescent coatings, that swell when exposed to fire-condition temperatures to block air flow, insulate against temperature buildup, and/or retard fire access to vulnerable areas.
 |
| Fire-rated rolling window shutters don't have to be ugly. These also offer increased security against burglaries. |
Some retrofits also are possible.
Flat, tempered-glass skylights resist fire better than domed plastic-glass ones.
Fire-resistant shutters can help defend windows that otherwise might blow out under high-heat conditions.
Re-shingling or re-siding in more fire-resistant materials is also a smart move.
 |
| Debris and brush beside a house: recipe for fire disaster. |
But sometimes all it takes are awareness and taking common-sense precautions.
How many times have you seen junk or debris piled up around someone's house, or bushes growing so close they brush the siding? Imagine a fire catching there. How quickly would the house go up?
 |
| Sadly, these gorgeous foundation plantings are within the 5-foot area of IBHS's Zone One. The "before" picture, while less beautiful, was safer from a fire-mitigation point of view! But there are compromises that can still yield a beautiful yard. |
Most wildfire safety guides recommend
you think of the area around your building in "zones." IBHS defines Zone One as the first five feet out from your building.
IBHS recommends you should have fewer combustibles in that zone. Thus, be careful of too much
brush or vegetation in that zone, as well as
fences, decks, etc. that are made of combustible materials.
Many other guides combine IBHS's Zones One and Two into a single,
30-ft. Zone One, while still emphasizing the "defensibility" idea.
 |
| This diagram clearly shows a nice collection of really smart fire-mitigation ideas. |
Especially in ecosystems that have evolved to adapt for fire, many guides
recommend planting native species, which are better fire-adapted, especially within your first 30-foot perimeter. Another common-sense precaution is
avoiding "fire ladders," that is, bushes or shrubs under taller trees, that can offer more fuel for fires. Clearing brush and dry materials is not only fire-smart, but it can improve "curb appeal."
Spacing trees and bushes farther apart allows them room to grow, and keeps fire from leaping from one to another.
 |
| Burning bushes underneath can doom trees that might otherwise survive. |
We can never completely fireproof our homes, and some fires can't be stopped in time.
But wouldn't we all love to be the "oasis of green" in the charred landscape if the worst happens, and a wildfire comes through? It's actually possible!
 |
| No, it's not photoshopped. Thinking in terms of defensible space really does save homes and lives. |
IMAGES: Many thanks to CBS News for the video about mid-October, 2017 fires in California. I also appreciate the "Fire-Safe Marin" website's article on roof issues for the photo of the complex roof with burnable debris; Australia's Parks and Wildlife Service for the diagram of fire behavior on a slope, and the Indiegogo page for Ember Deflector vents, for the photo of embers flying around a gable vent. I am grateful to the Trident roller shutters page, for the photo of the green shutters by the patio; to the Firedawgs brush removal page for the photo of boards and dead bushes by a house; to Houzz website for the photo of the foundation planting; and to Tractor Supply Company's detailed graphic showing fire defensibility zones around a house. Many thanks to World Atlas for the photo of bushes burning underneath trees, to illustrate "fire laddering," and to the Ross Valley Fire Department's excellent article on defensible space, for the "miracle" photo of the unburned home.
